infiintarea firmei<\/u><\/a> \u0219i ce reguli contabile se aplic\u0103 unui magazin online \u00een 2026. F\u0103r\u0103 limbaj de lemn. Doar ce conteaz\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Forma juridic\u0103: SRL sau PFA? Decizia care influen\u021beaz\u0103 tot restul<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Prima \u00eentrebare nu este \u201ece v\u00e2nd?\u201d. Ci \u201esub ce form\u0103 v\u00e2nd?\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pentru majoritatea magazinelor online cu ambi\u021bie de cre\u0219tere, SRL-ul r\u0103m\u00e2ne alegerea pragmatic\u0103<\/strong>. Ofer\u0103 protec\u021bie limitat\u0103 a r\u0103spunderii. Permite asocierea mai u\u0219oar\u0103 a investitorilor. \u0218i se aliniaz\u0103 mai bine cu volume mari de tranzac\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n\n\nPFA-ul poate func\u021biona pentru \u00eenceputuri mici, cu un singur proprietar \u0219i venituri modeste. Dar pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce comenzile se acumuleaz\u0103, limitele devin vizibile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Un tabel simplu pentru orientare rapid\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
R\u0103spundere<\/strong>: Limitat\u0103 la capitalul social; Nelimitat\u0103 (bunuri personale)<\/p>\n\n\n\nImpozitare pe venit<\/strong>: 1% micro (sub 100.000 \u20ac) sau 16% profit; 10% pe venitul net<\/p>\n\n\n\nContabilitate<\/strong>: Obligatorie, \u00een partid\u0103 dubl\u0103; Mai simpl\u0103, dar tot necesita eviden\u021b\u0103<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u00cencas\u0103ri \u0219i pl\u0103\u021bi<\/strong>: Cont bancar obligatoriu pentru opera\u021biuni; Cont bancar recomandat, nu mereu obligatoriu<\/p>\n\n\n\nScalabilitate<\/strong>: Ridicat\u0103; Limitat\u0103<\/p>\n\n\n\nExemplu din via\u021b\u0103 real\u0103:<\/strong> Un antreprenor care vinde accesorii telefonice prin propriul site a r\u0103mas pe PFA \u201epentru simplitate\u201d. C\u00e2nd a dep\u0103\u0219it 300.000 lei venituri anuale, a realizat c\u0103 nu poate deduce o serie de cheltuieli \u0219i c\u0103 impozitul efectiv era mai mare dec\u00e2t ar fi fost pe un SRL cu regim micro. A migrat spre SRL la \u00eenceputul urm\u0103torului an fiscal.<\/p>\n\n\n\nAlegerea forme juridice nu este ireversibil\u0103. Dar fiecare schimbare cost\u0103 timp \u0219i bani. Mai bine o decizie informat\u0103 de la start.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. TVA: plafonul de 395.000 lei \u0219i capcana pragului de 10.000 euro<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Aici \u00eencepe partea cu adev\u0103rat sensibil\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.1. C\u00e2nd devii pl\u0103titor de TVA \u00een Rom\u00e2nia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Plafonul de scutire pentru TVA este 395.000 lei<\/strong> \u00een 2026. Sub acest nivel, po\u021bi func\u021biona ca nepl\u0103titor. Peste, devii pl\u0103titor \u0219i trebuie s\u0103 colectezi TVA.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDar aten\u021bie: plafonul nu se calculeaz\u0103 \u201epe ochi\u201d. Include venituri din v\u00e2nz\u0103ri, dar exclude anumite opera\u021biuni. Iar dac\u0103 ai \u0219i v\u00e2nz\u0103ri intracomunitare, calculul devine mai nuan\u021bat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.2. Pragul european de 10.000 euro: o regul\u0103 separat\u0103<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Chiar dac\u0103 e\u0219ti sub 395.000 lei \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, po\u021bi dep\u0103\u0219i pragul de 10.000 euro<\/strong> pentru v\u00e2nz\u0103ri la distan\u021b\u0103 intracomunitare B2C. \u00cen acel moment, nu mai aplici TVA rom\u00e2nesc pentru clien\u021bii din alte state UE. Aplici TVA-ul statului de destina\u021bie. \u0218i intri \u00een regimul OSS (One-Stop-Shop)<\/strong> .<\/p>\n\n\n\nAceasta este una dintre cele mai frecvente surse de gre\u0219eli. Un magazin online care vinde \u00een Bulgaria, Ungaria sau Germania poate dep\u0103\u0219i pragul f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 realizeze. Iar corec\u021bia ulterioar\u0103 cost\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tabel comparativ TVA \u00een 2026:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nV\u00e2nz\u0103ri sub 395.000 lei, doar \u00een Rom\u00e2nia<\/strong>: Nepl\u0103titor TVA (cu condi\u021bii)<\/p>\n\n\n\nV\u00e2nz\u0103ri peste 395.000 lei, \u00een Rom\u00e2nia<\/strong>: Pl\u0103titor TVA, cota standard 21%<\/p>\n\n\n\nV\u00e2nz\u0103ri intra-UE B2C sub 10.000 \u20ac\/an<\/strong>: TVA rom\u00e2nesc<\/p>\n\n\n\nV\u00e2nz\u0103ri intra-UE B2C peste 10.000 \u20ac\/an<\/strong>: TVA stat destina\u021bie, prin OSS<\/p>\n\n\n\nImport colete sub 150 \u20ac din afara UE<\/strong>: IOSS sau taxa fix\u0103 de 25 lei\/colet<\/p>\n\n\n\nCote TVA: 21% standard, 11% redus\u0103 principal\u0103<\/em>. Taxa de 25 lei pentru colete extracomunitare sub 150 \u20ac se aplic\u0103 din 2026<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. e-Factura: obligatorie, extins\u0103 \u0219i cu termen nou<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Dac\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 acum e-Factura era \u201eo chestiune de B2B\u201d, 2026 schimb\u0103 regulile jocului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.1. B2C intr\u0103 \u00een scen\u0103<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Din 2026, obliga\u021bia de e-Factura acoper\u0103 \u0219i v\u00e2nz\u0103rile B2C<\/strong> , c\u0103tre persoane fizice. Facturile c\u0103tre consumatori intr\u0103 \u00een sfera RO e-Factura \u0219i se transmit \u00een SPV.<\/p>\n\n\n\nPentru un magazin online cu sute sau mii de comenzi lunar, transmiterea manual\u0103 devine imposibil\u0103. Automatizarea nu mai este un lux. Este singura variant\u0103 func\u021bional\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.2. Termenul s-a mutat: 5 zile lucr\u0103toare<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
De la 1 ianuarie 2026, termenul-limit\u0103 pentru transmiterea facturilor \u00een RO e-Factura este de 5 zile lucr\u0103toare<\/strong> de la emitere. Nu 5 zile calendaristice. Lucr\u0103toare.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDiferen\u021ba pare mic\u0103. \u00cen practic\u0103, poate \u00eensemna c\u00e2teva zile \u00een plus pentru un business care factureaz\u0103 vineri dup\u0103-amiaz\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.3. Ce trebuie s\u0103 faci concret<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 Verific\u0103 dac\u0103 softul de contabilitate sau platforma de e-commerce are integrare direct\u0103 cu SPV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 Configureaz\u0103 c\u00e2mpurile pentru persoane fizice (f\u0103r\u0103 CUI, cu datele permise de autoritatea fiscal\u0103) pentru a evita erorile de validare CIUS-RO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 Stabile\u0219te un flux clar \u00eentre casa de marcat (dac\u0103 exist\u0103) \u0219i factura electronic\u0103, pentru a evita dubla raportare sau lipsa facturii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 Pentru volume mari, automatizeaz\u0103. Transmiterea manual\u0103 nu scaleaz\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Not\u0103:<\/strong> e-Factura nu \u00eenlocuie\u0219te obliga\u021bia de a oferi clientului factura \u00een formatul pe care \u00eel a\u0219teapt\u0103 (PDF, print). Persoana fizic\u0103 nu are nevoie de cont SPV pentru a primi factura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Casa de marcat: nu \u00eentotdeauna obligatorie, dar cu nuan\u021be<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Un mit frecvent: \u201eorice magazin online are nevoie de cas\u0103 de marcat\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Realitatea este mai nuan\u021bat\u0103. Dac\u0103 magazinul online nu are magazin fizic<\/strong> \u0219i \u00eencaseaz\u0103 exclusiv online, casa de marcat nu este obligatorie<\/strong> \u00een toate situa\u021biile. Dar dac\u0103 exist\u0103 \u0219i un punct fizic de v\u00e2nzare, sau dac\u0103 \u00eencasarea se face ramburs la curier, discu\u021bia se schimb\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDiscu\u021biile despre \u201ecasa de marcat virtual\u0103\u201d exist\u0103, dar \u00een 2026 cadrul legal \u00eenc\u0103 nu permite \u00eenlocuirea complet\u0103 a aparatelor clasice cu aplica\u021bii software pure. Asocia\u021bia distribuitorilor de aparate fiscale a contestat public proiectul, iar situa\u021bia r\u0103m\u00e2ne incert\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Recomandarea practic\u0103:<\/strong> clarific\u0103 fluxul de \u00eencasare. Dac\u0103 exist\u0103 bon fiscal emis, verific\u0103 modul \u00een care acesta se raporteaz\u0103 \u00een D394. Livr\u0103rile c\u0103tre persoane fizice se raporteaz\u0103 \u00een Caruselul D al declara\u021biei, cu CNP sau nume \u0219i adres\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n5. Marketplace-uri: contabilitate separat\u0103, comisioane \u0219i TVA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e2nzarea pe eMAG, Amazon sau alte marketplace-uri nu este \u201emai simpl\u0103\u201d din punct de vedere contabil. Este diferit\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5.1. Comisioanele platformei<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Comisionul perceput de marketplace este o cheltuial\u0103 deductibil\u0103<\/strong>. Dar vine cu TVA. Iar dac\u0103 e\u0219ti pl\u0103titor de TVA, acel TVA este deductibil<\/strong> , cu condi\u021bia s\u0103 \u00eenregistrezi corect factura platformei.<\/p>\n\n\n\nUn comision de 200 lei, cu TVA de 21%, \u00eenseamn\u0103 42 lei TVA deductibil. Ignorarea facturii platformei \u00eenseamn\u0103 pierderea acelui TVA. \u0218i, implicit, bani arunca\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5.2. Eviden\u021b\u0103 separat\u0103 pe platforme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Contabilitatea trebuie s\u0103 reconcilieze decont\u0103rile platformei<\/strong> cu \u00eencas\u0103rile efective<\/strong>. Suma pe care o vede v\u00e2nz\u0103torul \u00een contul eMAG nu este identic\u0103 cu suma facturat\u0103 clien\u021bilor. Diferen\u021ba st\u0103 \u00een comisioane, retururi, taxe de livrare \u0219i alte ajust\u0103ri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n6. Stocuri \u0219i gestiune: inventarul permanent nu este op\u021bional<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u00cen comer\u021bul online, stocul nu este doar \u201emarfa din depozit\u201d. Este un activ contabil care trebuie urm\u0103rit cu rigoare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Metoda acceptat\u0103 este inventarul permanent<\/strong>. Nu inventarul intermitent. Fiecare intrare \u0219i fiecare ie\u0219ire se \u00eenregistreaz\u0103. Stocul este cunoscut \u00een orice moment, cantitativ \u0219i valoric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n6.1. Gestiune separat\u0103: obligatorie, nu recomandat\u0103<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Dac\u0103 vinzi \u0219i online, \u0219i en-gros, \u0219i prin marketplace, separarea gestiunilor este obligatorie<\/strong> conform legisla\u021biei. Nu este o preferin\u021b\u0103 a contabilului. Este cerin\u021b\u0103 legal\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\nExemplu practic:<\/strong> Un magazin online care vinde \u0219i angro c\u0103tre c\u00e2teva firme partenere a fost nevoit s\u0103 refac\u0103 eviden\u021ba stocurilor pe ultimele \u0219ase luni. Motivul: nu exista gestiune separat\u0103 \u00eentre cele dou\u0103 canale, iar desc\u0103rcarea de gestiune se f\u0103cea global, f\u0103r\u0103 trasabilitate pe canal. Costul: timp, efort \u0219i un risc fiscal evitabil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n7. Calendarul fiscal al unui magazin online \u00een 2026<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Termenele se mi\u0219c\u0103. Iar un termen ratat \u00eenseamn\u0103 amend\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Transmitere e-Factura<\/strong>: 5 zile lucr\u0103toare de la emitere; Obligatoriu pentru B2B, B2G \u0219i, din 2026, \u00een anumite situa\u021bii B2C<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeclara\u021bia de TVA (D300)<\/strong>: Lunar\/trimestrial, conform regimului; Termenul depinde de perioada fiscal\u0103 aleas\u0103<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeclara\u021bia informativ\u0103 D394<\/strong>: Lunar\/trimestrial; Include livr\u0103rile c\u0103tre persoane fizice \u00een Caruselul D<\/p>\n\n\n\nSAF-T (D406)<\/strong>: Lunar, pentru contribuabilii viza\u021bi; Fi\u0219ier XML cu detaliile contabile; obligatoriu pentru categorii extinse<\/p>\n\n\n\nSitua\u021bii financiare anuale<\/strong>: 2 iunie 2026; Pentru exerci\u021biul financiar 2025, pentru SRL-urile cu an calendaristic<\/p>\n\n\n\nDeclara\u021bia 398 (OSS)<\/strong>: Trimestrial, dac\u0103 e\u0219ti \u00een OSS; O singur\u0103 declara\u021bie pentru toate statele UE<\/p>\n\n\n\n8. Digitalizarea nu mai este op\u021bional\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
SAF-T, e-Factura, e-Transport, case de marcat conectate. Toate aceste sisteme func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een 2026. Iar autoritatea fiscal\u0103 are acces la mai multe date dec\u00e2t oric\u00e2nd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pentru un magazin online, asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 un lucru simplu: datele trebuie s\u0103 fie curate<\/strong>. Un SAF-T cu map\u0103ri gre\u0219ite aduce autoritatea fiscal\u0103 la u\u0219\u0103. O e-Factura netransmis\u0103 la timp genereaz\u0103 amenzi. O eviden\u021b\u0103 de stocuri inconsistent\u0103 devine vulnerabilitate \u00een verificare.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDigitalizarea nu este despre \u201ea fi modern\u201d. Este despre a putea demonstra, cu documente, c\u0103 ceea ce declari corespunde cu ceea ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een business.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Concluzie: ce face diferen\u021ba \u00een 2026<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Contabilitatea pentru un magazin online \u00een 2026 nu este mai complicat\u0103 dec\u00e2t acum cinci ani. Este diferit\u0103<\/strong>. Regulile s-au mutat spre digital, spre automatizare \u0219i spre trasabilitate.<\/p>\n\n\n\nTrei lucruri conteaz\u0103 cel mai mult:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. S\u0103 \u0219tii exact unde te situezi<\/strong> fa\u021b\u0103 de plafoanele de TVA , at\u00e2t cel rom\u00e2nesc, c\u00e2t \u0219i cel european.<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. S\u0103 automatizezi e-Factura<\/strong> \u00eenainte ca volumul s\u0103 te cople\u0219easc\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. S\u0103 \u021bii o eviden\u021b\u0103 separat pe fiecare canal de v\u00e2nzare<\/strong> , site propriu, marketplace, en-gros.<\/p>\n\n\n\nLa Contab Servicii Smart<\/strong>, lucr\u0103m cu magazine online \u0219i v\u00e2nz\u0103tori pe marketplace-uri care vor s\u0103 creasc\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 se \u00eempiedice de birocra\u021bie. Oferim \u00eenfiin\u021bare SRL, contabilitate, salarizare, administrare personal\u0103, SSM \u0219i PSI , tot ce \u021bine de partea de conformare, ca tu s\u0103 te concentrezi pe v\u00e2nz\u0103ri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Comer\u021bul online nu mai este \u201ecanalul secundar\u201d. A devenit coloana vertebral\u0103 pentru mii de afaceri rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti. Dar odat\u0103 cu cre\u0219terea vin \u0219i reguli mai stricte. Iar 2026 aduce c\u00e2teva schimb\u0103ri pe care niciun proprietar de magazin online nu are voie s\u0103 le rateze.Autoritatea fiscal\u0103 a extins verific\u0103rile fiscale. Digitalizarea a devenit obligatorie. Iar diferen\u021ba dintre … Continu\u0103 lectura \u201e\u00cenfiin\u021bare SRL pentru magazin online \u00een 2026: ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tie proprietarii de afaceri e-commerce\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":743,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-742","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00cenfiin\u021bare SRL pentru magazin online \u00een 2026: ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tie proprietarii de afaceri e-commerce - Blog Amalia.ro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ghid complet pentru \u00eenfiin\u021barea unui SRL \u0219i contabilitatea e-commerce \u00een 2026: descoper\u0103 regulilele esen\u021biale.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amalia.ro\/blog\/infiintare-srl-pentru-magazin-online-in-2026-ce-trebuie-sa-stie-proprietarii-de-afaceri-e-commerce\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00cenfiin\u021bare SRL pentru magazin online \u00een 2026: ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tie proprietarii de afaceri e-commerce - 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